A combinação de eventos negativos tanto no cenário local quanto no global – como a falta ou o excesso de chuvas em certas regiões brasileiras e a guerra na Ucrânia – empurrou parte do agronegócio para uma situação que preocupa credores do setor. Assim, parte dos produtores rurais tem recorrido à recuperação judicial.

Os números, por ora, ainda são discretos. De 2020 para cá, foram cerca de 50 pedidos de recuperação. Mas se trata apenas da ponta de um iceberg, segundo especialistas. Isso porque neste ano está sendo observado um grande crescimento da procura por reestruturação, algo que em breve deve se refletir no levantamento.

Uma mudança recente na lei permite que mesmo produtores rurais pessoas físicas, sem CNPJ, peçam proteção da Justiça para negociar débitos.

Plano Safra recorde, mas com custo maior

“O setor do agronegócio está indo bem e tem ajudado a economia nacional, mas a pandemia afetou todo mundo. Quando o setor acreditou que haveria uma recuperação, houve a questão da guerra da Ucrânia, afetando os fertilizantes. A questão climática foi a pá de cal”, diz Eduardo Kawatami, advogado do escritório Dasa.

Sócio do escritório Lefosse, Roberto Zarour diz que a pressão dos custos segue elevada. Segundo o especialista, muitos credores estão pensando em executar dívidas dos produtores, o que deve acelerar os pedidos de recuperação judicial. Ele frisa ainda que, apesar de o novo Plano Safra ter um valor recorde, o seu custo é maior – mais uma pressão para os produtores.

Débitos milionários

A lista não para de crescer. O grupo mato-grossense Redenção teve recentemente sua recuperação judicial aprovada, com dívidas de R$ 270 milhões. Outro que entrou em recuperação judicial foi o conglomerado mineiro Machado e Cruvinel, com débitos de R$ 90 milhões. Os exemplos começam a se espalhar pelo Brasil.

Sócio do escritório NDN, especializado em recuperação judicial, Tiago Dalvia confirma a alta da procura. A sua visão é de que o produtor rural está estrangulado pelo vencimento das operações de crédito subsidiadas, lançadas pelo governo ainda na pandemia.

“Normalmente, as operações financeiras do setor do agro vencem entre agosto e outubro para conciliar com o ciclo produtivo. Com a queda da safra, com o vencimento das operações de crédito, houve um aumento das consultas nesse segmento”, relata.

Sobrevivência dos produtores

O produtor rural Adair Cristóvão da Rocha, de Campo Verde (MS), entrou com pedido de recuperação judicial após acumular R$ 31 milhões em dívidas com bancos, fornecedores de insumos e empregados. O pedido foi deferido (aceito) no mês passado.

Rocha começou a trabalhar em uma área de 300 hectares, mas logo expandiu os cultivos e, em 2014, já plantava soja em cerca de mil hectares. No ano seguinte, uma seca severa levou à perda quase total da produção.

Em lugar de recuar, Rocha decidiu investir mais na lavoura. A área de cultivo foi ampliada para 5 mil hectares, o que exigiu novos investimentos em máquinas e insumos para o solo. Nos anos seguintes, no entanto, sua situação financeira só se complicou.

Como foi o pedido?

No pedido, o produtor citou o impacto da pandemia no fornecimento de crédito pelas instituições financeiras e a alta do dólar, que encareceu os insumos. Rocha afirmou ter plena convicção quanto à sua capacidade e viabilidade operacional e financeira, com a recontratação de funcionários e, inclusive, com potencial de expansão futura de suas atividades. Um plano de pagamento já foi elaborado e ainda espera a homologação pelo Judiciário.

Ao jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, ele disse que a recuperação judicial abriu um caminho importante para seu negócio.

“São várias famílias que dependem da nossa atividade, e manter esses postos de emprego realmente nos deixa com esperança e expectativa de dias melhores.”

Segundo ele, a recuperação judicial garantiu fôlego para construir um plano de pagamento. “Queremos honrar nossos compromissos e honrar nosso nome. Vivemos em um país com uma situação econômica complexa, e nem sempre as condições são favoráveis, como ocorreu no nosso caso. A recuperação abriu caminho para sobrevivermos nesse cenário e continuarmos atuando no agronegócio.”

O advogado Marco Aurélio Mestre Medeiros, sócio do escritório Mestre Medeiros Advogados Associados, que propôs a ação de Rocha, disse que houve aumento das demandas em seus escritórios.

“O instituto de recuperação judicial começou a ser visto de fato como uma ferramenta de reestruturação pelo produtor rural.”


Autor: Jornal O Estado de São Paulo

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