A Guerra da Coreia foi o palco oficial de apresentação do Jeep Willys M38A1, convocado em 1952 para apoiar os Willys M38 e Willys MB, que já se encontravam em batalha.
Levou apenas dois anos para ingressar no mercado civil norte-americano: rebatizado CJ-5, ele era maior, mais robusto e harmonioso que o rústico CJ-3B. Chegou ao Brasil em setembro de 1955, onde foi comercializado como Jeep Universal.
O novo Jeep trazia linhas arredondadas e melhorias no chassi, motor, câmbio e na transmissão 4×4. Cerca de 30% dos seus componentes já eram produzidos no Brasil, honrando o compromisso firmado por Edgard Kaiser junto à Comissão Executiva da Indústria Automobilística. A intenção da Willys-Overland do Brasil era alcançar 95% de nacionalização até julho de 1960.
As primeiras unidades produzidas em 1957, na histórica fábrica do Taboão, ainda exibiam as caixas de roda traseiras em formato redondo, no mesmo padrão dos Jeep americanos. Era o veículo ideal para alavancar o progresso de um país ainda carente de estradas pavimentadas e por isso rapidamente se tornou o automóvel mais vendido do Brasil, representando nada menos que 15% da produção nacional de veículos.
Era impulsionado pelo motor Willys Hurricane F134, com quatro cilindros, 2,2 litros e 75 cv. O câmbio era manual de três marchas, sendo apenas as duas últimas sincronizadas.
Boa parte do seu sucesso era devido à tração 4×4 temporária, acionada por uma caixa de transferência com duas velocidades. O sistema era acionado por duas alavancas no assoalho, sendo a maior para engate da tração dianteira auxiliar e a menor para marcha reduzida.
Ainda importado, o motor Hurricane foi substituído pelo Willys BF-161 em 1958. Fundido em Taubaté, tinha seis cilindros, 2,6 litros e 90 cv, e foi o primeiro motor a gasolina produzido no país, mantendo o esquema de válvulas de admissão no cabeçote e válvulas de escapamento no bloco. O torque máximo de 18,67 kgfm era alcançado a baixas 2.000 rpm e garantia boa desenvoltura.
Motor de seis cilindros veio em 1958. Alavancas separadas para tração 4×4 e reduzida.
A cerimônia oficial de inauguração da fábrica em São Bernardo do Campo (SP) só ocorreu em 7 de março de 1958: o presidente Juscelino Kubitschek e o governador Jânio Quadros prestigiaram o evento desfilando a bordo de um Jeep.
O sucesso do Jeep e derivados como a perua Rural garantiu à Willys a posição de maior indústria automobilística da América Latina até ser superada pela VW, em 1961.
A grade dianteira com sete vãos é um elemento de estilo identitário.[/caption]
Foi nesse período que a Willys iniciou a produção do Jeep Universal 101, assim batizado devido às 101 polegadas (2,56 metros) entre os eixos. Similar ao CJ-6 norte-americano, logo ganhou o apelido de Bernardão e oferecia carrocerias de duas ou quatro portas. Diferenciava-se do CJ-5 pelas rodas de 15 polegadas com calotas da perua Rural e também era oferecido com tração apenas traseira (4×2).
Ainda em 1961, o Jeep passou a oferecer versões às Forças Armadas para substituir os velhos M38A1 1950. Câmbio de três marchas com primeira sincronizada foi adotado em 1965 e no ano seguinte foi a vez da roda livre automática e do sistema elétrico com alternador no lugar do dínamo.
A demanda pelo Jeep era tão grande que a Willys inaugurou uma fábrica em Jaboatão dos Guararapes (PE), destinada à montagem e distribuição do Jeep e derivados para as regiões Norte e Nordeste. Seu material publicitário o definia como “cavalo de ferro”.
Em 1967, o Jeep recebeu volante com apenas dois raios, chave de seta e luz indicadora da tração 4×4 acionada. Surge a versão Jovem, com bancos dianteiros individuais, duas lanternas traseiras, estepe com capa e capota articulada. A Ford assume o controle acionário da Willys em outubro do mesmo ano: o utilitário é rebatizado como Ford Jeep e em 1971 sua produção é transferida para a antiga fábrica paulistana no bairro do Ipiranga.
O moderno motor de quatro cilindros, 2,3 litros e 91 cv é adotado em 1975: um novo câmbio de quatro marchas se fazia necessário para alcançar os 17 kgfm de torque a elevadas 3.000 rpm. A produção chegou a 200.000 unidades em 1978 e no final de 1982 ganhou opção de motor a etanol. Desatualizado, o último cavalo de ferro brasileiro deixou a linha de montagem em março de 1983.
Ficha técnica: Ford Jeep 1974
Motor: longitudinal 6 cilindros em linha, 2.638 cm³, comando de válvulas no bloco, alimentação por carburador de corpo simples
Potência: 90 cv a 4.400 rpm
Torque: 18,67 kgfm a 2.000 rpm
Câmbio: manual, 3 marchas, tração traseira permanente e temporária nas quatro rodas
Dimensões: comprimento, 344,4 cm; largura, 169,9 cm; altura, 173,3 cm; entre-eixos, 205,7 cm; peso 1.194 kg
Pneus: 600 x 16
Edição: dezembro de 1983
© Reprodução Capa Quatro Rodas 1983
Aceleração: 0 a 100 km/h em 25,8 s
Velocidade máxima: 118 km/h
Consumo: 3,6/5,5 km/l (urbano/rodoviário)
Preço: Cr$ 525.000 (setembro/1960)
Atualizado: R$ 91.437 (referência: salário mínimo)
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